The X-Ray Background

Gyula Szokoly

We present the results of our VLT spectroscopic followups of the X-ray sources detected in the 942 ks exposure of the Chandra Deep Field South. Among of the 349 Chandra sources, spectroscopic redshifts were obtained for 168 X-ray sources, of which 137 have both reliable optical identification and redshift estimate. The type-1 and type-2 populations are clearly separated in X-ray/optical diagnostics, but cover similar ranges of hard X-ray luminosity and absolute K magnitude, thus trace similar levels of gravitational accretion.Consequently, we introduce a new classification based solely on X-ray properties, hardness ratio and X-ray luminosity, consistent with the unified AGN model. There is a strong decrease at z<2 in the fraction of luminous type-2 QSOs. A large population of EROs (R-K>5) as X-ray counterparts covers the whole range of X-ray hardness ratios, comprise objects of various classes (absorbed AGN, elliptical and starburst galaxies.